официальная инструкция по применению, аналоги, цена, наличие в аптеках

ИНСТРУКЦИЯ
(информация для специалистов)
по медицинскому применению препарата

Регистрационный номер:

ЛС-001303

Торговое название: Пирацетам

МНН — Пирацетам

Химическое рациональное название: 2-оксо-1-пирролидиниацетамид

Лекарственная форма:

раствор для внутримышечного и внутривенного введения.

Описание: прозрачная бесцветная или слегка окрашенная жидкость

Состав:

1 мл препарата содержит в качестве активного вещества 200 мг пирацетама; вспомогательные вещества: натрия ацетат, уксусная кислота разведенная, вода для инъекций.

Фармакотерапевтическая группа:

ноотропное средство.

Код АТХ N06B X03.

ФАРМАКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА

Фармакодинамика. Активным компонентом является пирацетам, циклическое производное гамма-аминомасляной кислоты (GABA).

Пирацетам является ноотропным средством, который непосредственно воздействует на мозг, улучшая когнитивные (познавательные) процессы, такие как способность к обучению, память, внимание, а так же умственную работоспособность. Пирацетам оказывает влияние на центральную нервную систему различными путями: изменением скорости распространения возбуждения в головном мозге, улучшая метаболические процессы в нервных клетках, улучшая микроциркуляцию, воздействуя на реологические характеристики крови и не вызывая сосудорасширяющего действия.

Улучшает связи между полушариями головного мозга и синаптическую проводимость в неокортикальных структурах, повышает умственную работоспособность, улучшает мозговой кровоток.

Пирацетам ингибирует агрегацию тромбоцитов и восстанавливает эластичность мембраны эритроцитов, уменьшает адгезию эритроцитов. В дозе 9,6 г снижает уровень фибриногена и факторов Виллибранда, на 30% — 40% и удлиняет время кровотечения.

Пирацетам оказывает протекторное и восстанавливающее действие при нарушении функции головного мозга вследствие гипоксии и интоксикации. Пирацетам снижает выраженность и длительность вестибулярного нистагма.

Фармакокинетика.
Период полувыведения препарата из плазмы крови составляет 4-5 час и 8,5 часов из спинномозговой жидкости, который удлиняется при почечной недостаточности. Фармакокинетика пирацетама не изменяется у больных с печеночной недостаточностью.

Проникает через гематоэнцефалический и плацентарный барьер и мембраны, используемые при гемодиализе. При исследовании на животных пирацетам избирательно накапливается в тканях коры головного мозга, преимущественно в лобных, теменных и затылочных долях, в мозжечке и базальных ганглиях. Не связывается с белками плазмы крови, не метаболизируется в организме и выделяется почками в неизмененном виде. 80-100% пирацетама выводится почками в неизменном виде путем почечной фильтрации. Почечный клиренс пирацетама у здоровых добровольцев составляет 86 мл/мин.

Показания.
Симптоматическое лечение психоорганического синдрома, в частности у пожилых больных, страдающих снижением памяти, головокружением, пониженной концентрацией внимания и общей активности, изменением настроения, расстройством поведения, нарушением походки, а также у пациентов с болезнью Альцгеймера и сенильной деменции типа Альцгеймера.

Лечение последствий инсульта (хроническая стадия ишемического инсульта), таких как нарушения речи, нарушения эмоциональной сферы, для повышения двигательной и психической активности.

Хронический алкоголизм — для лечения психоорганического и абстинентного синдромов.

Коматозные состояния (и в период восстановления) в том числе после травм и интоксикаций головного мозга.

Лечение головокружения сосудистого генеза.

Для лечения кортикальной миоклонии в качестве моно- или комплексной терапии.

В комплексной терапии серповидноклеточной анемии.

Противопоказания. Индивидуальная непереносимость пирацетама или производных пирролидона, а также других компонентов препарата. Острая стадия геморрагического инсульта. Конечная стадия почечной недостаточности (при клиренсе креатинина менее 20 мл/мин).

Детский возраст до 1 года.

Беременность и лактация. Исследования на животных не выявили повреждающего действия на эмбрион и его развитие, в том числе в постнатальном периоде, а также не изменяло течение беременности и родов.

Исследования на беременных женщинах не проводились. Пирацетам проникает через плацентарный барьер и в грудное молоко. Концентрация препарата у новорожденных достигает 70-90% от концентрации его в крови у матери. За исключением особых обстоятельств Пирацетам не должен назначаться во время беременности. Следует воздержаться от грудного вскармливания при назначении женщине пирацетама.

Способ применения и дозы.
Внутривенно или внутримышечно.

При симптоматическом лечении хронического психоорганического синдрома, в зависимости от выраженности симптомов назначают 2 — 4 г, постепенно повышая дозу до 4-6 г в сутки, курс лечения 10-15 дней.

При лечении последствий инсульта (хронической стадии) назначают 4.8 г/сутки. Курс лечения 10-15 дней, при необходимости повторные курсы через 6-8 недель. При лечении коматозных состояний, а также трудностей восприятия, у лиц с травмами головного мозга начальная доза составляет 9-12 г/сут, поддерживающая — 2 г/сут. Лечение продолжается не менее 3-х недель.

При алкогольном абстинентном синдроме — 12 г/сут. Поддерживающая доза 2.4 г/сут. Лечение головокружения и связанных с ним расстройств равновесия 2.4-4.8 г в день, курс 10-15 дней.

При серповидноклеточной анемии суточная профилактическая доза составляет 160 мг/кг массы тела, разделенная на четыре равные дозы. В период кризиса — 300 мг/кг внутривенно. Эта дозировка может назначаться детям с 1 года.

Дозирование больным с нарушением функции почек.

Поскольку Пирацетам выводится из организма почками, следует соблюдать осторожность при лечении больных с почечной недостаточностью в соответствие с данной схемой дозирования.

Почечная недостаточность	Клиренс креатинина (мл/мин)	Дозирование
Норма	>80	Обычная доза
Легкая	50-79	2/3 обычной дозы в 2 — 3 приема
Средняя	30-49	1/3 обычной дозы в 2 приема
Тяжелая	<30	1/6 обычной дозы, однократно
Конечная стадия	—	противопоказано

Пожилым больным доза корригируется при наличии почечной недостаточности и при длительной терапии необходим контроль функционального состояния почек. Дозирование больным с нарушением функции печени. Больные с нарушением функции печени в коррекции дозы не нуждаются. Больным с нарушением функций и почек и печени, дозирование осуществляется по схеме (см. Раздел «Дозирование больным с нарушением функции почек»).

Побочное действие.

	Распространенные (от 1% и менее 10%)	Редкие (от 0,1% и менее 1%)
Расстройства центральной и периферической нервной системы	Гиперкинезия 1,72%
Нарушения обмена веществ	Увеличение массы тела 1,29%
Расстройства психики	Нервозность 1,13%	Сонливость 0,96% Депрессия 0,83%
Общие расстройства		Астения 0,23%

Они чаще возникают у пожилых пациентов, получающих дозы свыше 2,4 г/сут. В большинстве случаев удается добиться регресса подобных симптомов, снизив дозу препарата. Имеются единичные сообщения о побочных эффектах со стороны желудочно-кишечного тракта, таких как тошнота, рвота, диарея, боли в животе и в желудке; нервной системы — головокружении, головных болях, атаксии, нарушении равновесия, обострение течения эпилепсии, бессонница; со стороны психики -замешательство, возбуждение, тревога, галлюцинации, повышении сексуальности.; со стороны кожных покровов — дерматит, зуд, высыпания, отек.

Взаимодействие с другими лекарственными средствами.

Не отмечено взаимодействия с клоназепамом, фенитоином, фенобарбиталом. вальпроатом натрия.

Высокие дозы (9,6 г/сут) пирацетама повышали эффективность аценокумарола у больных венозным тромбозом: отмечалось большее снижение уровня агрегации тромбоцитов, уровня фибриногена, факторов Виллибрандта, вязкости крови и плазмы, чем при назначении только аценокумарола.

Возможность изменение фармакодинамики пирацетама под воздействием других лекарственных препаратов низка, так как 90% препарата выводится в неизмененном виде с мочой.

In vitro пирацетам не угнетает цитохром Р450 изоформы CYP1A2, 2В6, 2С8, 2С9, 2С19, 2D6, 2Е1 и 4А9/11 в концентрации 142, 426 и 1422 мкг/мл. При концентрации 1422 мкг/мл, отмечено небольшое угнетение CYP2A6 (21%) и ЗА4/5 (11%). Однако уровень Ki этих двух CYP изомеров достаточный при превышении 1422 мкг/мл. Поэтому метаболическое взаимодействие с другими препаратами мало вероятно. Прием пирацетама в дозе 20 мг/сут не изменял пик и кривую уровня концентрации противоэпилептических препаратов в сыворотке крови (карбамазепин, фенитоин, фенобарбитал, вальпроат) у больных эпилепсией, получающих постоянную дозировку.

Совместный прием с алкоголем не влиял на уровень концентрации пирацетама в сыворотке и концентрация алкоголя в сыворотке крови не изменялась при приеме 1,6 г пирацетама.

Особые указания. В связи с влиянием пирацетама на агрегацию тромбоцитов, рекомендована осторожность при назначении препарата больным с нарушением гемостаза, во время больших хирургических операций или больным с симптомами тяжелого кровотечения. При лечении больных кортикальной миоклонией следует избегать резкого прерывания лечения, что может вызвать возобновление приступов. При длительной терапии пожилых больных рекомендуется регулярный контроль за показателями функции почек, при необходимости проводят коррекцию дозы в зависимости от результатов исследования клиренса креатинина. Принимая во внимание возможные побочные эффекты, следует соблюдать осторожность при выполнении работы с механизмами и вождении автомобиля. Проникает через фильтрующие мембраны аппаратов для гемодиализа.

Форма выпуска.
Раствор для внутривенного и внутримышечного введения 200 мг/мл в ампулах из нейтрального стекла 5 мл. 5 ампул в контурной ячейковой упаковке из пленки ПВХ без фольги поливинилхлоридной с инструкцией по применению и ампульным скарификатором в картонную пачку. Одна или две контурные ячейковые упаковки с ножом ампульным и инструкцией по применению в картонной пачке.

10 ампул с инструкцией по применению, ножом ампульным в картонной пачке с гофрированным вкладышем из бумаги пачечной. При упаковке импортных ампул нож ампульный или скарификатор в пачку не вкладывается.

Условия хранения.
Список Б. В сухом, защищенном от света месте, при температуре не выше 20°С.

Срок годности
5 лет. Не применять по истечении срока годности, указанного на упаковке.

Условия отпуска из аптеки
По рецепту.

Фирма производитель
ООО Медицинский центр «Эллара» 601122, Владимирская область, Петушинский район, г. Покров, ул. Ф. Штольверка, д. 20.
Претензии по качеству принимаются производителем по адресу: 601122, Владимирская область, Петушинский район, г. Покров, ул. Ф. Штольверка, д. 20.

(видны только специалистам, верифицированным редакцией МЕДИ РУ)

90000 5 Benefits of Piracetam (Plus Side Effects) 90001 90002 Nootropics, or smart drugs, are natural or synthetic substances intended to improve your mental performance. 90003 90002 Piracetam is considered the first nootropic drug of its kind. It can be purchased online or in health food stores and comes in both capsule and powder form (1). 90003 90002 It’s a popular synthetic derivative of the neurotransmitter gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a chemical messenger that helps slow down activity in your nervous system.90003 90002 However, piracetam does not appear to affect your body in the same way as GABA. 90003 90002 In fact, researchers still are not entirely sure how it functions (1). 90003 90002 That said, studies link the drug to several benefits, including improved brain function, reduced dyslexia symptoms, and fewer myoclonic seizures. 90003 90002 Here are 5 benefits of piracetam. 90003 90002 Research suggests that taking piracetam may enhance brain function. Though it’s unclear why, animal studies provide potential reasons.90003 90002 For example, animal studies indicate that piracetam makes cell membranes more fluid. This makes it easier for cells to send and receive signals, which aids communication (2, 3). 90003 90002 That could be a reason why its effects appear to be stronger in older adults and people with mental issues, as research shows that their cells membranes tend to be less fluid (4). 90003 90002 Other studies observe that piracetam increases your brain’s blood supply, as well as oxygen and glucose consumption, especially in people with mental impairment.These are other factors that may improve brain function (5, 6, 7, 8, 9). 90003 90002 In one study in 16 healthy people, those taking 1,200 mg of piracetam daily performed better at verbal learning tasks than people in the placebo group after 14 days, though no differences in memory and cognition had been detected after 7 days (10). 90003 90002 In another 21-day study in 16 adults with dyslexia and 14 healthy students, taking 1.6 grams of piracetam daily improved verbal learning by 15% and 8.6%, respectively (11).90003 90002 Additional research in 18 healthy, older adults found that participants performed significantly better in a variety of learning tasks when taking 4,800 mg of piracetam per day, compared to when not supplementing with the drug (12). 90003 90002 Meanwhile, an analysis of three studies looked into the effects of piracetam on people undergoing coronary bypass surgery, a procedure that restores blood flow to the heart. 90003 90002 Brain impairment can be a side effect of this surgery. However, piracetam improved short-term mental performance in people post-surgery, compared to a placebo (13).90003 90002 That said, most human studies on piracetam and brain function are fairly dated. More recent studies are needed before it can be confidently recommended. 90003 90036 90037 Summary 90038 Piracetam may improve mental performance, but its effects take time to appear. Human studies on piracetam and cognition are dated, and newer studies are needed. 90039 90002 Dyslexia is a learning disorder, which makes it harder to learn, read, and spell. 90003 90002 Research indicates that piracetam may help people with dyslexia learn and read better.90003 90002 In one study, 225 children with dyslexia aged 7-13 were treated with either 3.3 grams of piracetam or a placebo daily for 36 weeks. After 12 weeks, children taking piracetam showed significant improvements in their ability to read and understand text (14). 90003 90002 In another study, 257 boys with dyslexia aged 8-13 received either 3.3 grams of piracetam or a placebo daily for 12 weeks. Those treated with piracetam significantly improved in reading speed and short-term listening memory (15).90003 90002 Additionally, a review of 11 studies in over 620 children and young people with dyslexia observed that taking 1.2-3.3 grams of piracetam daily for up to 8 weeks significantly improved learning and comprehension (16). 90003 90002 However, most studies on this nootropic in people with dyslexia are rather dated. Newer studies are needed before it can be recommended as a treatment for dyslexia symptoms. 90003 90036 90037 Summary 90038 Piracetam appears to aid learning and comprehension in children and adults with dyslexia, but newer studies are needed before it can be recommended.90039 90002 Myoclonic seizures are described as sudden involuntary muscle spasms. They can make day-to-day activities like writing, washing, and eating difficult (17). 90003 90002 Multiple studies have found that piracetam may protect against myoclonic seizures. 90003 90002 For example, a case study in a 47-year-old woman who experienced myoclonic seizures noted that taking 3.2 grams of piracetam daily stopped her myoclonic jerks (18). 90003 90002 Similarly, a study in 18 adults with Unverricht-Lundborg disease, a type of epilepsy that causes myoclonic seizures, showed that taking 24 grams of piracetam daily improved symptoms and signs of disability caused by myoclonic seizures (17).90003 90002 In another study, 11 people took up to 20 grams of piracetam daily for 18 months alongside their existing medication to further help reduce myoclonic seizure symptoms. Researchers found that piracetam helped reduce the overall severity of myoclonic seizures (19). 90003 90036 90037 Summary 90038 Piracetam may reduce myoclonic seizure symptoms, which include impairments in the ability to write, wash, and eat. 90039 90002 Dementia describes a group of symptoms that affect your memory, ability to perform tasks, and communicate.90003 90002 Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia. 90003 90002 Research suggests that damage caused by the build-up of amyloid-beta peptides may play a role in its development. These peptides tend to clump together between nerve cells and disrupt their function (20, 21). 90003 90002 Test-tube studies show that piracetam may protect against dementia and Alzheimer’s disease by preventing damage caused by amyloid-beta peptide build-up (22, 23, 24). 90003 90002 Human studies also indicate that piracetam may help boost mental performance in older adults with dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, or general brain impairment.90003 90002 For example, an analysis of 19 studies in approximately 1,500 adults with dementia or brain impairment revealed that 61% of people taking piracetam showed improved mental performance, compared to only 33% with the placebo treatment (25). 90003 90002 In addition, a study in 104 people with Alzheimer’s disease found that taking 4.8 grams of piracetam for 4 weeks, followed by 2.4 grams for 2 weeks, improved memory, reaction speed, concentration, and other markers of brain health (26).90003 90002 Still, other studies observed no effect (27). 90003 90002 What’s more, most human studies on piracetam are short, which means its long-term effects in people with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia remain unknown (28). 90003 90036 90037 Summary 90038 Piracetam may improve mental performance in people with dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and brain impairment. However, its long-term effects on mental performance in these groups are still not well understood. 90039 90002 Inflammation is a natural response that helps your body heal and fight diseases.90003 90002 Nonetheless, persistent, low-level inflammation has been linked to many chronic conditions, including cancer, diabetes, and heart and kidney disease (29). 90003 90002 In animal studies, piracetam has been shown to have antioxidant properties, which means it can reduce inflammation by helping neutralize free radicals, which are potentially harmful molecules that can damage your cells (30). 90003 90002 What’s more, animal studies indicate that it can restore and enhance your brain’s natural antioxidant defenses, such as glutathione, a powerful antioxidant produced by your body that tends to become depleted with age and disease (31, 32).90003 90002 What’s more, piracetam helped reduce inflammation in animal studies by suppressing the production of cytokines, which are molecules that stimulate an immune response and trigger inflammation (33, 34). 90003 90002 Piracetam also reduced swelling and pain related to inflammation in animal studies (33, 35). 90003 90002 However, human studies are needed to determine whether the drug can reduce inflammation and pain in people. 90003 90036 90037 Summary 90038 Animal studies show that piracetam may reduce inflammation and provide pain relief, but human studies are needed before it can be recommended for this use.90039 90002 Generally speaking, piracetam is considered safe with little risk of side effects. 90003 90002 In long-term studies, doses of up to 24 grams daily have had no adverse effects (19, 36). 90003 90002 That said, some people may experience adverse effects, including depression, agitation, tiredness, dizziness, insomnia, anxiety, headaches, nausea, paranoia, and diarrhea (37). 90003 90002 Piracetam is not recommended for pregnant women or people with kidney disorders (1). 90003 90002 Moreover, it may interact with medications, including blood thinners like warfarin (38).90003 90002 If you’re taking any medications or have a medical condition, speak with your healthcare provider before taking piracetam. 90003 90036 90037 Summary 90038 Piracetam appears to be safe for most people, but speak to your healthcare provider if you’re on medication or have any medical conditions. Pregnant women or people with kidney disorders should not take piracetam. 90039 90002 Piracetam is sold under a variety of names, including Nootropil and Lucetam. 90003 90002 Though the drug is not illegal in the United States, it’s not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and may not be labeled or sold as a dietary supplement.90003 90002 You can purchase it from a number of online suppliers, but in some countries, including Australia, you need a prescription. 90003 90002 Be sure to look for a product that has been tested by a third party to ensure its quality. 90003 90002 Because of a lack of human studies, there’s no standard dosage for piracetam. 90003 90002 Still, the following doses appear most effective based on current research (1, 10, 12, 16, 17, 19, 26): 90003 90138 90139 90037 Cognition and memory: 90038 1.2-4.8 grams daily 90142 90139 90037 Dyslexia: 90038 up to 3.3 grams daily 90142 90139 90037 Mental disorders: 90038 2.4-4.8 grams daily 90142 90139 90037 Myoclonic seizures: 90038 7.2-24 grams daily 90142 90155 90002 It’s best to speak with your healthcare provider before taking piracetam for any medical condition. In many cases, a more suitable medication may be available. 90003 90036 90037 Summary 90038 There is no standard dosage for piracetam. Though the drug is legal in the United States, it’s not approved by the FDA as a dietary supplement.In some countries, you need a prescription. Ask your healthcare provider before taking piracetam. 90039 90002 Piracetam is a synthetic nootropic that may boost mental performance. 90003 90002 Its positive effects on the brain seem more apparent in older adults, as well as people with mental impairment, dementia, or learning disorders, such as dyslexia. 90003 90002 That said, very few studies on piracetam exist, and most of the research is dated, so new research is needed before it can be recommended.90003 90002 Piracetam is relatively safe for most people. Still, if you’re taking medication or have any medical disorders, speak to your healthcare provider before trying this drug. 90003.90000 Why is This New Racetam so Popular? 90001 90002 Like most smart drugs in the racetam family, pramiracetam is known to improve memory formation and learning ability [1]. In contrast with some of the other racetams, pramiracetam has been tested on healthy adults instead of merely focusing on elderly who are already losing their cognitive abilities. Specifically, pramiracetam helps to develop long-term memory in these trials [2]. Perhaps best of all, pramiracetam is a neuroprotective agent [3].90003 90004 90005 Also Known As 90006 90007 90002 CI879, Diisoprop-yl- (2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl) acetamide, CI879 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 90019 90020 90003 90004 90005 Pramiracetam Benefits 90006 90007 90002 If you have ever been in a work or personal situation where you had words, thoughts, or an answer on the tip of your tongue, but could not remember, welcome to the human race. Just about every human has had this experience forgetting things.90003 90002 Most commonly reported benefits of Pramiracetam are 90029 — 90030 Significantly Improves Focus and Alertness 90031: typically users report that taking pramiracetam gives them strong feelings of mental alertness, focus, rapid idea formation, and clear thinking. 90029 — 90030 Enhances Long-Term Memory Formation and Repair 90031: in limited clinical trials, pramiracetam has been shown to be an effective treatment for memory loss and other cognitive problems caused by brain injuries.90029 — 90030 Shown to Improve Cognitive Performance 90031: most users report significant improvement in memory formation and speed of recall, a claim that has been corroborated by animal studies. 90029 — 90030 Improved Sensory Perception 90031: users often report enhanced or improved sensory perceptions, including amplified and richer sound and clearer and more vivid visual perception with greater color contrast. 90003 90002 This supplement should definitely not be the first nootropic or Racetam that you take.It is simply too powerful and not intended for first-time or one-off users. Consider the fact that, despite there being tons of evidence for some really incredible benefits, it is impossible to predict ahead of time exactly how this nootropic will work for you. As one author wrote, «Taking Pramiracetam without already having experience with other Racetams is a bit like learning to drive in a Ferrari.» ** 90003 90002 Here are other interesting things for you to consider: 90003 90046 90047 It has a very pungent flavor that most people find extremely unpleasant.90048 90047 Often, it is portrayed as being able to reduce «mental road-blocks» which would make it a true learning supplement. 90048 90047 Because pramiracetam has such high potency it is generally advisable to use it on its own for a trial period before combining it with other nootropics. 90048 90047 Cognitive ability in youth who experienced brain trauma is improved with prolonged usage of pramiracetam 90048 90047 Appears to decrease the influence of amnesiac drugs (scopolamine), and is effective when loaded over a few days rather than relying on acute administration 90048 90047 Although the evidence is fairly limited in both older subjects and youth with brain injuries, pramiracetam does appear to have nootropic potential after oral ingestion of the standard supplemental dosages.90048 90047 There is currently no evidence to support the usage of pramiracetam in reducing symptoms or pathology of Alzheimer’s disease 90048 90047 In individuals who are hyper-sensitive to substances who took high doses experienced headache, fatigue, insomnia, nervousness, gastrointestinal distress 90048 90047 Because it creates a very strong feeling of focus along with a certain amount of emotional blunting, it is often compared to Ritalin. 90048 90047 Unlike piracetam, Noopept and many other popular nootropics, pramiracetam is fat soluble rather than water soluble, which means it is absorbed into the bloodstream via fatty acids.90048 90047 Stacking pramiracetam with a powerful anti-anxiety agent like aniracetam can give users heightened focus and concentration while improving mood and reducing feelings of mental strain and anxiety. 90048 90047 It reaches peak concentrations and maximum bioavailability relatively quickly, generally within 30 minutes, and it has a moderately long half-life of 4-6 hours. 90048 90047 Researchers have hypothesized that in addition to its action in the brain, pramiracetam acts outside the brain in peripheral sites that rely on the adrenal glands.90048 90047 Pramiracetam is non-addictive and no significant adverse effects of long-term use have been documented. 90048 90047 Unlike many other racetam class nootropics, pramiracetam does not appear to strongly alter either wakefulness or emotional states. 90048 90047 Compared to most other nootropics, users find the effects most similar to oxiracetam overall. 90048 90047 Due to the lack of sufficient scientific studies, recommendations on the most effective daily dose vary considerably. 90048 90047 The fact that it is fat rather than water soluble means that mixing the powder with water is difficult 90048 90047 Pramiracetam works well on its own, but one of its most interesting aspects is that it appears to be a powerful potentiator for other nootropics.90048 90047 It is not generally possible to find pramiracetam in brick-and-mortal stores but it is available from some specialty online stores that carry nootropics. 90048 90047 Because it’s more complicated to synthesize it’s generally higher in price than other racetams. 90048 90089 90002 Pramiracetam studies suggest one of the main benefits is for decreasing forgetfulness [4]. While this might look similar to improving memory (just two sides of the same coin?), In fact this has a completely different meaning.In this study, the participants were given a chemical called scopolamine, which induces amnesia in order to test the efficacy of a drug. 90003 90002 In this case, the pramiracetam benefit was clear: even when a «forgetfulness» agent was given to subjects, they still managed to remember at a similar rate as before. This neuroprotective benefit of pramiracetam helps the elderly, but healthy adults can see benefits to. 90003 90002 One major study looked at youth cognitive ability and concluded that amongst those with brain trauma, pramiracetam was able to improve cognitive abilities (such as learning) [5].Given that brain trauma often comes in the form of athletic events, dehydration, lack of sleep, or substance abuse, there is a high percentage of people that could use the benefits of pramiracetam to reverse these trends. 90003 90096 90097 90030 References (Click to Expand) 90031 90100 90101 90102 90047 httpss: //examine.com/supplements/pramiracetam/ 90048 90047 https://nootriment.com/pramiracetam/ 90048 90047 https://peaknootropics.com/shop / pramiracetam / 90048 90047 https: //www.braintropic.com / nootropics / pramiracetam / 90048 90111 90112 90113 90004 90005 How Does Pramiracetam Work? 90006 90007 90002 Pramiracetam might be newer than many of the other neuro enhancers in the family, but that does not mean it is poorly researched. Developed first in 1984 [6], pramiracetam has many potential mechanisms of action (i.e: how pramiracetam works) similar to that of the others in this family. 90003 90002 One major way pramiracetam works is by altering brain wave function in order to help improve cognitive abilities [7].Pramiracetam is also able to improve memory formation and learning through a process called high-affinity choline uptake (HACU) [8]. This is a fancy way of saying pramiracetam helps produce more brain chemicals that aid in memory. Because of the slight change in the chemical structure of this drug, there are quite large changes to the efficacy. 90003 90002 If you’re wondering «how does pramiracetam work compared to piracetam?» the answer is: better. At least in some regards (such as amnesia / brain trauma), pramiracetam is more potent than piracetam [9].90003 90002 Not to worry if some of this material is confusing. Just know that there are slightly different ways pramiracetam can help improve your brain health, but many are similar as the parent racetam drugs. 90003 90004 90005 Pramiracetam Side Effects 90006 90007 90002 Ah yes, what are the downsides of pramiracetam? Beyond the horrid taste, pramiracetam side effects might include burning and irritation within your throat and esophagus. Even though it is not life threatening, it is an extremely uncomfortable side effect of pramiracetam.90003 90002 Other than the taste and accompanying burning, the side effects of pramiracetam are somewhat similar to that of racetams in general. This includes a headache if your brain chemistry is running low on choline. While this is not a confirmed or researched phenomenon, it is one that community members often remark on. 90003 90002 Additionally, you might find pramiracetam causes nausea, irritability, or insomnia if you take it too late in the day. Because pramiracetam is somewhat stimulating, it might keep you up at night! 90003 90004 90005 Pramiracetam Dosage 90006 90007 90002 Like any nootropic, the pramiracetam dosage will vary from person to person.It is suggested that you take 300 mg twice per day (600 mg total), but recommendation ranges go all the way up to 1200 mg per day. 90003 90002 There are no human trials that point to 1200 mg as the optimal dosage, but it is probably better to start at the lower end and move upward as you see fit and it works well with your brain chemistry. 90003 90002 90005 How and Where to Buy Pramiracetam 90006 90003 90002 As we have made clear in other sections of this article, pramiracetam is an effective and researched nootropic, but not one you’d like to consume in powder form.Make sure you buy pramiracetam powder only in the last / worst case scenario. For every other pramiracetam purchase, ensure you are getting capsules instead. 90003 90002 Pramiracetam capsules are far more convenient for adding into your nootropic stack and they will reduce the chances of inconvenient side effects, which plague most people who utilize the bulk pramiracetam powder. 90003 90002 Beyond the pramiracetam powder vs. capsules debate, this is another racetam product, which is unregulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Because it is unregulated, it is up to the vendors to provide adequate support and safety precautions. To that end, it is best to purchase pramiracetam from vendors who are willing to share information regarding the quality of their ingredients, such as PureNootropics. PureNootropics is our recomended source to buy pramiracetam. 90003 90002 Namely, you’d be well off focusing on two main things: 90003 90102 90047 Assay 90048 90047 Heavy metals 90048 90111 90002 Both of these will give you peace of mind and prevent some of the ill-health effects that have plagued other members of the nootropics community.90003 90004 90165 Selected Community Experiences 90166 90007 90002 «90165 Took some of the Pramiracetam this morning, my first taste of a nootropic outside of 5-HTP. It was the worst tasting shit I ever tasted, it tasted like toxic waste, but I liked that because I knew it must be some potent stuff … My brain never has worked this well. I was super focused … It was like that feeling you get when you are in that state at a party where you can do no wrong and have complete trust in your faculties and you are the fucking man- the life of the party.There was hardly any background noise. Thoughts were clearer 90166 «[10]. — Lurkin_Dirty 90003 90002 «90165 So far, I’m satisfied, especially with the Pramiracetam capsules. I heard that they were fat-soluble so I learned to take said capsules with Multi-Grain bread laced with Omega-3 fatty acids. As much as I feel a boost in clarity, I feel as if I want to tackle so many things at once but can not seem to decide on what to tackle. I did work on two critical abstracts for one of my history classes back to back, and I’m eager to start on this essay for another class.I find pramiracetam to be very powerful, and I want to look into getting some choline to enhance the effects. 90166 «[11] — WhitePhantom77 90003 90002» 90165 took the pramiracetam during the day for classes, then started drinking about four hours later. My tolerance was GONE, lowered even. Just a word of advice. 90166 «[12] — Flamewall26 90003 90004 90165 Author’s Thoughts on Pramiracetam 90166 90007 90002 Do NOT buy the powder. Just do not do it. It tastes so bad, it must be good! Given that most people believe it tastes like fish scales, it is worthwhile to buy pramiracetam capsules as opposed to raw powder.Your tongue will thank us and if you do not believe it, check out the Selected Community Experiences below. 90003 90002 If for some reason you end up with the powder, do your very best to combine it with others and shove it down your gullet quickly. 90003 90002 The effects are actually pretty nice. You’ll find that it is more stimulating than aniracetam or oxiracetam and is not as much as phenylpiracetam. Somewhat of a happy medium between the two and is great for both cognitive function / clarity and concentration.I’ve been mostly impressed with pramiracetam, but I would recommend not making the mistake of buying powder. 90003 90002 The capsules are only a bit more expensive, but believe me they will be well worth the added expenditure. Not all nootropics taste poorly (in fact, many of the racetams taste sweet), but this is the ugly step-child of racetams flavor-wise. 90003 90002 90193 Mansal Denton, Nootropedia Contributor 90194 90003 90096 90097 90030 References (Click to Expand) 90031 90100 90101 90102 90047 // www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18653001 90048 90047 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3088666 90048 90047 h // www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov / pubmed / 6716406 90048 90047 // www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15374306 90048 90047 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1786500 90048 90047 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6716406 90048 90047 / /www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4043326 90048 90047 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2987637 90048 90047 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6716406 90048 90047 //www.reddit.com/r/Nootropics/comments/1e26u3/success_story_had_my_first_experience_with/ 90048 90047 // www.reddit.com/r/Nootropics/comments/38y40k/my_personal_experience_with_pramiracetam_so_far/ 90048 90047 //www.reddit.com/r/Nootropics/comments/p1c2v/pramiracetam_and_alcohol_not_even_once/ 90048 90111 90112 90113 90096 90097 90030 Other Scientific Resources (Click to Expand) 90031 90100 90101 90102 90047 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21202668 90048 90047 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3088666 90048 90047 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed / 6716406 90048 90047 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20166767 90048 90047 // www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4008675 90048 90047 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1473879 90048 90047 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11387954 90048 90047 // www .ncbi.nlm.nih.gov / pubmed / 7586900 90048 90047 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1688280 90048 90047 //onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ddr.430030503/abstract 90048 90047 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2137359 90048 90047 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3427459 90048 90047 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1410129 90048 90047 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4065299 90048 90047 // www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4043326 90048 90047 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2987637 90048 90047 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2610714 90048 90047 // www .ncbi.nlm.nih.gov / pubmed / 3786350 90048 90047 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2765166 90048 90047 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8539328 90048 90047 // www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18653001 90048 90047 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1786500 90048 90047 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15374306 90048 90047 / /www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2011259 90048 90047 // www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8557218 90048 90111 90112 90113.90000 5 Unusual Benefits with a Warning 90001 90002 Imagine working on a fulfilling project, your brain tingling, and creativity buzzing. Pieces of your puzzle are coming together and it’s easier to remember all the factors that you need. If it seems like a magic pill, that is exactly what many people consider piracetam, but what is the truth? 90003 90002 Developed in Belgium in the 1960s, piracetam is a synthetic derivative of the neurotransmitter GABA [1] that is considered the grandfather of the term «nootropic».Since then, piracetam has increased in popularity due to mentions from brain health celebrities like Tim Ferriss and Dave Asprey [2]. 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90012 90013 History of Piracetam 90014 90015 90002 Piracetam is one of the most researched popular smart drugs. Evidence suggests piracetam improves memory in elderly populations best [3], but there is ample support for non-elderly adults as well [4]. 90003 90002 One major study of verbal learning showed healthy individuals improve memory by 8.6% when using piracetam alone [5]. The drug is often combined with a choline source to provide synergistic effects and reduce the potential for side effects, such as headaches [6]. 90003 90002 Given the length of study and folklore around piracetam, it is usually one of the first nootropic compounds that users find. While piracetam can be a powerful cognitive enhancer, it is one of the weaker within the racetam family. 90003 90002 In the past decade piracetam has received the most notoriety and popularity amongst nootropic, brain hacking, and quantified self movements.Due to the popularity amongst many key players in the field recently, one might conclude that piracetam is one of the latest and greatest substances to improve cognition and memory. 90003 90002 Piracetam was first synthesized in 1964 by Romanian scientist Corneliu E Giurgea among others. Created by the UCB Pharma company in Belgium, piracetam was tested in European countries during the 1970s and was the first «nootropic» as we know it today [7]. 90003 90002 Luckily, the history of piracetam is long, which means there have been dozens of studies across the globe to validate and verify results.When choosing if you want to buy piracetam or not, having a long research history can provide more assurance of efficacy and safety. 90003 90002 90013 Also Known As 90014 90003 90002 Pyracetam, Pyrrolidone acetamide, 2-Oxo-1-pyrrolidine, Memotopril, Fezam (with cinnarizine), UCB6215, Nootropil 90003 90012 90013 Piracetam Benefits 90014 90015 90002 More than ever, we live in a culture where features and comforts are right at our fingertips. Want delicious pizza? Have it delivered to your door.Want to experience another country? Hop on a cheap flight. If you’re interested in piracetam, I’m sure you’re wondering «what are the piracetam benefits?» 90003 90040 90041 90042 Memory Improvement 90043 90044 90045 90002 Piracetam is perhaps best well known for being a memory enhancer. For any research claim, the best type of study is a «meta-analysis», which is a scientific look at many different studies and their claims. One piracetam analysis looked at 19 different double-blind studies and noted a significant benefit in memory with this nootropic [8].However, another study made it clear that this memory improvement takes time to create: after 7 days there was no change, but 14 days showed a significant enhancement with piracetam [9]. 90003 90002 This is the most touted and likely benefit of piracetam. Most people purchase piracetam for this reason. 90003 90040 90041 Cognition 90044 90045 90002 In brain enhancement circles, memory and «cognition» are considered different things. While neither you nor I need to know the details of this distinction, the evidence suggests piracetam can improve cognitive function particularly in those who have ailments or degeneration [10].In the research, this typically refers to elderly who are suffering from degenerative diseases or Alzheimer’s disease, but ample evidence suggests it can support healthy adults (though to a lesser extent). 90003 90002 Keep in mind, just because the main area of ​​research focuses on unhealthy, elderly adults, does not mean that it can not help you with your situation. It just means that piracetam is extraordinarily equipped to support elderly with degenerative diseases. 90003 90040 90041 Age-related Neuroprotection 90044 90045 90002 As the human brain ages, it starts to decline.Just like an old car starts to sputter and stall, the aged brain will start to develop ailments that impact memory, hand-eye coordination, among a host of other things. Piracetam can help elderly (and non-elderly) to prevent the decline of neurons in the brain [11]. 90003 90002 The key to remember is that this benefit is about prevention, which means you take the nootropic before it becomes too late. While racetams can help reverse neurological decline (see: oxiracetam), it is best to work with prevention as the first line of defense.90003 90040 90041 Sensory Perception 90044 90045 90002 Imagine walking outside and finding the colors brighter, more vibrant, and alive. While under-researched, there is some evidence to suggest that piracetam can improve sensory perception by increasing acetylcholine activity [12]. 90003 90040 90041 Mood 90044 90045 90002 Anecdotal reports suggest piracetam can be an effective tool for dealing with stress, anxiety, and depression, but the clinical research is slim. One study had self-reported reductions in depression with unhealthy patients [13].90003 90002 If you are suffering from clinical depression, we do not suggest relying on piracetam to solve these mood disorders. However, if you suffer from generalized or social anxiety, anecdotal reports are positive. 90003 90012 How Does Piracetam Work? 90015 90002 As we know from any nootropic compound, whether it «works» (and how it does so) is highly dependent on personal brain chemistry. Piracetam is no different and works for many people in one way and others in another. 90003 90002 There is no commonly held scientific explanation for why piracetam improves brain function, cognition, and memory, but there are several theories.The most prominent theory is that piracetam helps to enhance neuronal function by improving membrane fluidity. The downstream effect of this is increased mitochondrial function [14], which helps general brain function. 90003 90002 Additionally, piracetam can increase blood flow to the brain, which is responsible for more oxygenation [15]. This shows (at least with elderly) improvements for memory formation, preventing against Alzheimer’s disease. 90003 90002 If all of this «mechanism of action» discussion is too difficult to understand, we understand, but it is worth it to know how piracetam might improve your brain health before you buy.90003 90012 What is Nootropil? 90015 90002 While it may seem like a detour, it is important to note that nootropil is the same thing as piracetam. This is one of the reasons we so often see nootropil and piracetam interchanged in different content about the subject. Understanding the other terms of piracetam is important especially if readers have an interest in researching the compound. 90003 90002 Many of the chemical compounds have Russian (or other language) names because they were developed in the former Soviet Union.While it is commonly known as piracetam, nootropil is the exact same substance and there is virtually no difference. If you find a product that has nootropil on the packaging, it is probably because the product came from a former Soviet-bloc country. There is no cause for alarm as your nootropil will work in the same way as piracetam assuming you have received a safe and trustworthy source. 90003 90012 90013 Side Effects of Piracetam 90014 90015 90002 Congratulations on making it all the way to the «side effects» section.Learning about the side effects of piracetam can help you to better protect yourself from harm so you can be mindful about your usage. 90003 90002 Luckily, the adverse effects of piracetam are rare and usually of short duration [16]. People who do suffer from piracetam related side effects usually note insomnia, drowsiness, agitation, and in some cases headaches. 90003 90002 These headaches, while confined to anecdotal reports online, are often referred to as «racetam headaches» because of the common effects of this class.People who suffer from headaches often opt for a choline supplement in order to mitigate these side effects and improve memory. 90003 90002 As with most consumable drugs, piracetam toxicity was researched in a laboratory setting on rats. The LD50 (amount required to kill 50% of a research population) for piracetam is 8-10 grams per kilogram of bodyweight [17] (544 grams for a 150 lb. person), which is extremely high. In all human studies, doses of 8 grams per day were met with no adverse effects [18].90003 90002 These general data points may not pertain to your individual brain chemistry so make sure to be mindful of the changes that you feel and experience. 90003 90110 90013 Drug Interactions 90014 90113 90002 Even though piracetam side effects are relatively minor and infrequent, it is a substance that can interact with others (for better or worse!). Here are a few of the drugs that piracetam interacts with: 90003 90110 90042 Choline 90043 90113 90002 Using piracetam causes a decrease of acetylcholine [19], but a choline supplement will provide more acetylcholine to replace what is lacking.Most studies suggest the combination of choline and piracetam are effective ways to boost piracetam’s memory enhancement potential. While it seems this is true moreso for those with cognitive impairment [20], it still supports healthy adults. 90003 90002 In this case, the drug interaction with choline is predominantly considered good or beneficial. If you are going to use a choline source with piracetam, we recommend alpha GPC or citicoline as they are the most efficient sources. 90003 90110 90042 Alcohol 90043 90113 90002 Depending on your current relationship to alcohol, interactions can be good or bad.For those with alcohol-related trauma (such as overuse, addiction etc), piracetam can increase «synaptic reorganization» [21] which helps to reduce memory and neurological loss after abuse. 90003 90002 However, while there are no studies to this effect, consuming alcohol and piracetam can be detrimental for your health according to anecdotal reports. Be very careful when consuming high quantities in general, but especially with drugs like piracetam. 90003 90110 90041 Anecdotal Interactions 90044 90113 90002 The same holds true for other recreational drugs, such as MDMA and LSD, where there are no studies to clearly delineate the effects.Anecdotal reports are mixed, but it is not worth trying if you’d like to remain free from side effects. 90003 90012 90013 Piracetam Dosage 90014 90015 90002 From a scientific perspective, dosage recommendations are not cut and dry. Typically, as is the case with piracetam, there are recommendations based on body weight. For the piracetam dosage, 40 — 100 mg per kg of body weight is normal with 40 — 50 mg / kg as the more common measurement. 90003 90002 For the common piracetam user, it’s best to dose between 1200 — 4800 mg per day.One recommended starting point is as follows: 90003 90002 1600 mg piracetam x 3 servings per day for a total of 4800 mg. 90003 90002 The piracetam dosage that is most useful will depend on the individual. Piracetam studies show a high inter-individual variability, which means the drug’s efficacy depends on the biochemistry of each individual. 90003 90002 90041 90042 IMPORTANT: 90043 90044 These are the standard recommendations. Read below for some interesting insights to consider before buying piracetam or consuming it.90003 90040 90041 Recommended vs. Large Piracetam Dosage 90044 90045 90002 Many people within the nootropics community consider piracetam to be a memory enhancing drug that has weak effects and thus requires much higher doses. The effects of racetams are not usually stimulatory or «felt» in any way and some people mistake the subtlety for lack of efficacy. 90003 90002 Some people then utilize a much higher piracetam dosage to get the cognitive effects of the drug. Sometimes this can lead to side effects, such as headaches, nausea, and gastrointestinal distress.Other times it is more effective at improving memory formation and learning. 90003 90002 Scientific literature also takes a more liberal approach to the dosage of piracetam. Despite most recommendations having 4800 mg as the high end of the range, one study on Alzheimer’s disease used 8 grams of piracetam per day for a year [1]. 90003 90002 Another study showed that a dosage comparison of 2400 mg vs. 4800 mg per day showed the higher dose was more effective. However, this is in persons with cognitive decline that have an average age of 73.2 years [2]. The same effects may not be seen for healthy young adults. 90003 90040 90041 Solubility and Bioavailability 90044 90045 90002 When taking piracetam, there is no need to take it with a fat source. Piracetam is water-soluble and does not need to be taken with food or fat of any kind. Piracetam is also relatively bioavailable, which means it is well-absorbed and utilized by the body. It takes longer than other racetams, such as aniracetam, but has a longer half-life as well [3]. 90003 90002 If you are interested in buying piracetam, you can do so from a recommended vendor here.90003 90040 90041 Piracetam Dosage — What’s Wrong With Your Info 90044 90045 90002 There are reasons for many doses and recommendations within the nootropics community. Although many people may fight us on this topic, we are firm believers that the true piracetam dosage is higher than even the highest recommended value. 90003 90002 As we mentioned above (as it is conventional wisdom), the standard dosage of piracetam is 1600 — 4800 mg per day. The problem with this dosage is how far it often is from the doses that scientists have used in academic research.90003 90002 A quick look at the majority of studies shows doses that go all the way to 9600 mg per day. In fact, many of the piracetam evidence is using 5600 — 9600 mg per day. That range seems above average and we do not recommend anyone start with that, but it is interesting given how people view piracetam commonly. 90003 90002 Much of the information regarding piracetam is that it simply «does not work» or that there is no sensation or feeling associated with the drug at all. This may be true for many people no matter the dosage, but perhaps it is also due to the relatively low dosage that has circulated the blogosphere.90003 90040 90041 How to Take Higher Doses of Piracetam Safely 90044 90045 90002 Obviously we’re not recommending going out and «mega-dosing» piracetam. Instead, we want readers to take a bigger-picture approach. Alex Shulgin, a famous scientist and biochemist, created a particular method for taking any kind of substance. First, start with a micro-dose to rule out any kind of allergens. A fraction (maybe 1/4 — 1/10) of the dose will help with that process. 90003 90002 Afterwards, take half of a dose.With piracetam that might be 3600 mg, but the point is to see how your body responds to half a normal dose. Then take a full dose and incrementally move yourself up to the 5 — 10 gram range if you are curious in seeing the effects. 90003 90002 Luckily, most of the side effects of piracetam are at higher dose ranges and pretty minimal compared with other more powerful drugs. 90003 90002 90199 90200 90042 References (Click to Expand) 90043 90203 90204 90205 90003 90207 90208 https: // www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8437693 90209 90208 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/786310 90209 90208 https://www.springerlink.com/content/kf8rxq89be0nw8hx/ 90209 90214 90012 90013 Common Piracetam Stacks 90014 90015 90002 A «nootropic stack» refers to a combination of nootropics that improves various cognitive function in a synergistic way. Often, nootropic stacks are combinations of ingredients that can activate certain parts of the brain together in a more beneficial way. 90003 90002 Piracetam has a number of nootropic stacks, but only one of them has been verified in a traditional research setting.There is lots of evidence that piracetam can aid in mitochondrial health, which is why it is a favorable pairing with any mitochondrial support product (like creatine etc). 90003 90040 90041 Piracetam and Choline 90044 90045 90002 This is the only researched combination and much of the research has been done in animals and elderly. Piracetam increases acetylcholine uptake and utilization in the hippocampus, which depletes the brain’s stores and requires supplementation [22]. This is where the choline, a precursor for the brain chemical acetylcholine, can come in handy.As mentioned before, go with efficient ch 90003.90000 Piracetam — Review of Benefits, Effects, Dosage, and More 90001 90002 What Is Piracetam? 90003 90004 Piracetam is it the first synthetic smart drug ever developed and is the compound that inspired the creation of the word nootropic. 90005 90004 It’s one of the most extensively researched nootropics, with thousands of research documents and hundreds of clinical trials posted on PubMed, the National Library of Medicine’s public archive. 90005 90004 Piracetam has been a safe, popular, and reliable brain booster for more than 50 years with new uses and potential benefits still being discovered today.90005 90004 Piracetam was invented in 1964 by Romanian psychologist and chemist Dr. Corneliu E. Giurgea, whose purpose was to synthesize a compound that could safely enhance memory and the ability to learn. He coined the word nootropic — a combination of the Greek words noos, which means «mind,» and tropein, which means «to bend or turn» — to describe his creation. 90005 90004 Piracetam is a cyclical derivative of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, but the body does not produce piracetam nor does it occur naturally in any plant or food source.90005 90004 The legal availability of piracetam varies from nation to nation. Though it can not be legally marketed in the US as a dietary supplement, it can be sold for research purposes and may be legally purchased and possessed without a prescription. In Canada, it can not be legally sold, but it can be legally imported for personal use. In the UK and Australia, piracetam is available by prescription only, though small amounts for personal use may be legally imported into either country. 90005 90004 In Europe, Russia, South America, and Asia, piracetam is used to treat myoclonus (involuntary muscle twitching) and is legally available by prescription only.90005 90002 Benefits and Effects of Piracetam 90003 90004 Piracetam’s extensive list of proven benefits and positive effects make it one of the most popular and widely-used nootropics. 90005 90022 Cognitive Enhancement 90023 90004 Piracetam was developed as a cognitive enhancer and it’s definitely best known and most widely used for that purpose. Both anecdotal evidence and clinical trials suggest that piracetam is an effective brain booster, particularly in the areas of memory, concentration, and psychomotor speed.90005 90004 Studies show that while piracetam’s effects on cognition are measurable among all ages, they’re most significant in populations of older adults who are experiencing the organic cognitive decline typically associated with normal aging. 90005 90004 By improving blood flow within the brain and boosting the production and function of crucial brain chemicals, piracetam increases synaptic plasticity, or the creation and maintenance of new connections between neurons, which is crucial to learning.90005 90004 Users report that piracetam can increase energy, improve focus, and enhance both verbal fluency and creativity, particularly when taken in combination with choline. 90005 90004 Studies support these self-reports, showing that piracetam significantly increases verbal learning in both healthy students and students who suffer from dyslexia. 90005 90022 Memory Enhancement 90023 90004 Piracetam has been proven to act as a powerful memory enhancer, particularly when taken in combination with choline.90005 90004 In the case of elderly subjects (both animal and human), much of piracetam’s memory benefit may be attributed to the fact that it improves blood flow to and within the brain and enhances cellular membrane fluidity. 90005 90004 However, piracetam has been shown to improve memory in subjects of all ages, including children who have received a general anesthetic and even healthy young adults. 90005 90022 Depression Treatment 90023 90004 Studies show that piracetam is capable of relieving the symptoms of depression, including impaired coordination, stress and anxiety.90005 90004 It also proved to be a valuable adjunct therapy for drug-resistant depression in patients with a variety of psychotic conditions, providing rapid and significant clinical improvement. 90005 90022 Neuroprotective Properties 90023 90004 Piracetam has been conclusively shown to have powerful neuroprotective properties, effectively protecting the brain against age-related cognitive decline. 90005 90004 Piracetam has also been successfully used as a neuroprotectant in stroke patients, and in the treatment of cognitive disorders caused by cerebrovascular issues or trauma.90005 90022 Anticonvulsant Properties 90023 90004 Piracetam’s well-documented anticonvulsant properties make it a valuable adjunct therapy in the treatment of epilepsy and other seizure disorders. 90005 90022 Treatment for a Variety of Disorders 90023 90004 Ongoing research on piracetam indicates that it’s useful and effective in the treatment of a number of physical and mental maladies, including schizophrenia, alcoholism, neuroinflammation, and age-related cognitive decline. 90005 90004 An innovative 2017 study even looked at the potential positives of piracetam’s use as a heroin adulterant.The study authors said drug trafficking organizations in Asia and Europe have been adding piracetam to heroin because it provides a more intense experience and decreases hangover, effects that are attributable to piracetam’s neuroprotective effects. The study investigated piracetam’s ability to prevent heroin-induced apoptosis or cellular death as a potential means of helping users kick the habit by reducing withdrawal symptoms. 90005 90004 Piracetam is also being studied as a treatment for binge eating disorder or BED, a stress-related disorder characterized by acute episodes of excessive food intake.BED is known to compromise acetylcholine levels and lead to anxiety and cognitive deficits. A 2018 animal study showed that piracetam regulated acetylcholine levels, alleviated BED-related cognitive deficit, and significantly decreased binge eating behavior and associated body weight. 90005 90002 How It Works 90003 90004 Though Piracetam’s precise mechanisms of action are not fully understood, it is widely believed to work by increasing cerebral blood flow and by acting on various crucial neurotransmitters.90005 90022 Improved Cerebral Circulation 90023 90004 One of the primary means by which piracetam is believed to enhance memory, verbal fluency, focus, and other cognitive factors is by improving blood flow within the brain itself. Cognition is dependent on sufficient cerebral circulation, which delivers the oxygen and crucial nutrients brain cells need to function efficiently. 90005 90004 The exact method by which piracetam increases cerebral circulation is not thoroughly understood, but it is thought to enhance blood flow by promoting the production of red blood cells and at the same time reducing their tendency to adhere to cell walls.90005 90004 Piracetam has also been shown to have a positive effect on brain metabolism, causing the brain cells to use oxygen and nutrients more rapidly and effectively. This, in turn, creates a higher demand, which may play a role in triggering increased cerebral circulation. 90005 90004 Research has shown that piracetam also increases the permeability of neurons in the brain, making it easier for nutrients to enter and for waste to be eliminated. 90005 90022 Modulating Neurotransmitter Production and Activity 90023 90004 Piracetam appears to have several neurotransmitter-related mechanisms of action within the brain, all of which work together to boost cognition.90005 90084 Increases Acetylcholine Activity 90085 90004 Acetylcholine is one of the most important neurotransmitters and plays a primary role in learning, memory, concentration, and all aspects of cognition. 90005 90004 Piracetam has been observed to increase the density of the acetylcholine receptors in aged rodent brains, which may explain its positive effects on memory. 90005 90004 It may also upregulate the production of acetylcholine. 90005 90004 While these actions can enhance cognition, they can quickly deplete the brain’s store of choline, which is essential to the neurotransmitter’s creation.For this reason, choline is frequently recommended as a complementary supplement for anyone taking piracetam. 90005 90084 Modulates Glutamate Receptors 90085 90004 Piracetam is also believed to modulate the brain’s receptors of glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter that is involved in 90% of all synaptic connections. Glutamate is particularly vital for synaptic plasticity, which is the ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time. Synaptic plasticity is crucial to cognitive functions such as learning and memory, and by increasing glutamate receptor sensitivity, piracetam may significantly enhance memory and learning ability.90005 90002 Dosage 90003 90004 The standard piracetam dosage for cognitive enhancement effects for healthy adults is 4800 mg a day, sometimes split into three doses. 90005 90004 A research study evaluating different dosages of piracetam for cognitive enhancement for healthy adults found that a single dose of 4800 mg was most effective. Another study concluded that 1200 mg of piracetam, taken three times per day, had measurable positive effects on cognition. 90005 90004 Piracetam is rapidly and extensively absorbed, reaching peak plasma concentration is within 60-90 minutes after dosing.It has a half-life of approximately 5 hours. 90005 90004 Positive effects may be observable immediately, but it may take up to two weeks of daily supplementation for the full effects to be experienced. 90005 90004 Nootropics users self-report very broad dosage ranges, but it is recommended to start low and build up slowly to see how your unique biology responds to piracetam. 90005 90002 Stacking 90003 90004 Piracetam can be taken on its own but is most effective when combined with other supplements.90005 90022 Piracetam and Choline Stack 90023 90004 Choline supplementation is essential if you are going to take piracetam because of the way it affects acetylcholine in the brain. 90005 90004 When supplementing piracetam, your brain may need more acetylcholine and, without choline supplementation, it’s possible to reach depleted levels of acetylcholine in the brain, leading to a foggy feeling and headaches. 90005 90004 Stacking piracetam with choline not only mitigates negative side effects but allows the piracetam to be even more effective than without it.90005 90004 There are various choline sources, but we recommend alpha GPC or citicoline. When using a high-quality choline source such as those, a good starting point is 1 part choline for 8 parts piracetam. 90005 90022 Piracetam and Aniracetam Stack 90023 90004 Piracetam is also commonly stacked with other racetams. When combined with other nootropics, the results are usually synergistic. 90005 90004 Aniracetam known for its excellent effect on memory, mood, and creativity, is commonly taken with piracetam.90005 90004 The commonly recommended ratio is 4: 1 of piracetam to aniracetam. Remember, when stacking, the potency of each individual nootropic increases, therefore, it’s important to adjust dose sizes accordingly. 90005 90002 Side Effects 90003 90004 Piracetam is generally considered safe and well-tolerated. Adverse effects are typically minor and transitory, and include headache, anxiety, and insomnia. 90005 90004 Headache is the most widely reported side effect and can often be remedied by stacking with a choline supplement.90005 90004 Piracetam has been observed in clinical studies including Alzheimer’s patients taking 8 grams per day without any reported side effects. 90005 90002 Where to Buy 90003 90004 Piracetam is not typically found in regular stores and instead can be purchased online from specialty vendors. 90005 90004 We recommend that you buy piracetam from PureNootropics.net as they specialize in high-quality nootropics and all their batches tested for purity by 3rd party laboratories. 90005 90002 Closing Thoughts 90003 90004 Piracetam is the oldest synthetic nootropic and one of the most extensively studied brain boosters available.90005 90004 Its ability as a cognitive enhancer is thoroughly documented, with literally thousands of related research papers, studies, and clinical trials available to the public. 90005 90004 It’s also a proven neuroprotectant that’s useful in the treatment of a variety of conditions, and though it’s been available for more than 50 years, new uses for it are still being discovered. 90005 90004 It has very low toxicity, few side effects, and is generally well tolerated. 90005 90004 If you’re interested in maximizing your cognitive abilities with a compound that’s been proven both safe and effective, piracetam could be worth your consideration.90005 90004 90159 Planning to start a new supplementation regimen? See our medical disclaimer. 90005 90004 This page was last updated on March 23, 2020. 90005 .