ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² Π½Π° Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΠ΅: ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ
ΠΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅.
ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΡ.
ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ-ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°? ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ «Π‘ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌ» ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ «ΠΠ°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ» Π½Π°ΠΆΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ Enter ΠΈ Π²Ρ ΡΠ·Π½Π°Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ.
ΠΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π° Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΠΈ, ΠΏΠ»Π΅Ρ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ².
ΠΡΠΎΠΉΠ΄ΠΈ Π’Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ! ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ΄ΠΈ 10 ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ! (Π½Π°ΠΆΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Π°!)
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.
Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ β Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½.
ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ, ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ, ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ» ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠ°Ρ-ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ°: ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΊ, ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΆ.
Π£ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΉ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ; ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°; Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΡΡΡ.
Π ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ, Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΡ.
ΠΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°: ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π°, Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π³ΡΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ.
ΠΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ³Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°, Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ.
ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°:
Π ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ β ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ: Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡ. ΠΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΡ.
Π ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² ΡΡΠΊ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²:
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΆ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌ Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΆ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°.
ΠΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π±ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
Π‘Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ³ΡΠ±Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ.
ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ° Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²:
Π£ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π°. ΠΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π» ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ.
ΠΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ:
ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΊ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ: Π±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈ Π»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ β ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ.
ΠΡΡΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ½ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ°Ρ
, ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ°, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ:
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½Π°, Π½Π΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π· Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°.
Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ Π³ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡ.
ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ:
ΠΠΈΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΊ.
Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡ
Π² Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π΅, Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅:
ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ, Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ.
ΠΡΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π°:
ΠΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²:
ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π³ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΈ:
ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ.
Π‘ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ:
Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.
Π§Π°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠ΄ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅, Π½ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°:
ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΠΈΠΌΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΊ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ.
ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Ρ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΠΈ: ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ
ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Ρ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π°.
ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°, Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π²Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅:
- ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ½Π° (23%, 225)
- ΠΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ (20%, 196)
- Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ (17%, 170)
- ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (13%, 127)
- ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ (12%, 114)
- ΠΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΏ (10%, 97 ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²)
- ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡ
Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (4%, 37)
- ΠΠ»ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (1%, 12)
ΠΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
: 978
Β ΠΠ°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠ° …
ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ-ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°? ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ «Π‘ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌ» ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ «ΠΠ°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ» Π½Π°ΠΆΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ Enter ΠΈ Π²Ρ ΡΠ·Π½Π°Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ.
Β Β Β β
ΠΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Ρ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΠΈ
Π‘ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ, Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ½Π°, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅.
ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ:
- ΠΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² Π½ΠΎΠ³. ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ (Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡ) β ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Ρ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠ° Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ.
- Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ², ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ° ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π΅. Π§Π°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Π²Π΅ΡΡ
, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ β ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 15 ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½Π΄. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»Π°, Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π°. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π² Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ΅. Π§Π°ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡ β Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ.
- ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ.
- ΠΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π» ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°. ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌ, Π³ΡΡΠΆΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ·, ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ· (ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ), ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ»Π΅Π· (ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²), ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π‘5Π‘6 ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π‘6Π‘7. ΠΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡ, Π° Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡ, Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ β ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ.
- ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ.
- Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ Π Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ: ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π±Π΅Π³Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΊ.
Β Β Β β
ΠΡΠΎΠΉΠ΄ΠΈ Π’Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ! ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ΄ΠΈ 10 ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ! (Π½Π°ΠΆΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Π°!)
ΠΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π»Π°Π½Π³ΠΈ
ΠΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΠ°Π·Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅, Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ΅. ΠΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ β ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Π°. Π Π°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡ: Π±ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² Π³ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈ, ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Ρ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΏΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°, ΡΠΎ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°.
Π§Π°ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ± Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π‘ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π°ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ.
ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅, Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ, ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°Ρ, Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ; ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ: ΠΠ Π’ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ.
Β Β Β β
https://gidpain.ru/nemeet/ukazatelnyj-levoj.html
Π§ΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ, Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΅Π΅, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ:
- ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°;
- ΠΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π 12, Π, Π;
- ΠΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ;
- Π€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ;
- ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΆ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΡΡΠΊ, ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²;
- ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ°;
- Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ» Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠΎΡΡ;
- Π§Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π°;
- Π’Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΡΠ΅ Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΊ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ.
Β Β Β β
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ°
ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ Ρ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ·-Π·Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ»Π°Π±Π΅Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ°.
Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½ΠΎ:
- ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡ ΡΡΡΠ»Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΅;
- ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π³ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈ;
- ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΌΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠ·Π°ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½Π΅.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΊ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΅ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ½Π°, ΡΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ.
ΠΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π΅. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΌ, ΠΆΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π² Ρ
ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΈ.
ΠΠΈΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»Π°Π±Π΅ΡΡ, Π² Π½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ:
- ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ;
- Π¨Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ·Π°;
- ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ·Π°, Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ².
ΠΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ β ΡΡΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π·ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ, Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ. Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π°, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡ, ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈ.
Π£ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΠΊ.
ΠΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ².
Π’Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ, Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΠ» Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π ΠΈ Π‘. ΠΠ½Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ².
ΠΠ· Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ. Π ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡ Π² Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ 1 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ΅.
ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡ:
- ΠΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎ 0,5 ΠΊΠ³ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΌΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ±ΠΊΡ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π±Π»Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°.
- ΠΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ Π² Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊ Π½ΠΈΠΌ 0,5 ΠΊΠ³ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π°, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π².
- Π₯ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΡ Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅.
- Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ 2 ΡΡ.Π». ΠΠ° Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΊ.
Β Β Β β
ΠΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π·ΡΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Π§ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π°. ΠΠ΅Π·ΡΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Ρ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΡΡΡ, Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ².
ΠΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π². ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π·Π΅ ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅ΡΠ°, Π°Π½Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅Π·ΡΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ·Π°, Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ»Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅.
ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π±Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π±Π΅Π·ΡΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π²ΡΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ² Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ: ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ΅, ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅, ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° (Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°). ΠΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ².
ΠΡΠ΄ΠΈ, ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅, Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ:
- ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π΅;
- ΠΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ;
- ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ;
- ΠΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ;
- Π Π΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΡ, ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ.
ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ Π·Π°Π», ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² ΡΡΠΊ. ΠΠ°Π·ΠΈ, ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ. Π£ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Π· ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ.
Β Β Β β
ΠΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΡΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ
ΠΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΡΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ² Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°.
ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΡΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ° Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ:
- ΠΡΠ±ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π» ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π±Π°, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ·Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ;
- ΠΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°;
- Π ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ:
- ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ;
- Π Π΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·;
- ΠΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°.
Π Π°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ.
Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Ρ
, ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ.
Β Β Β β
ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Ρ
ΠΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ±Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ°Π·Π³ΠΈΠ±Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠΈ.
ΠΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ².
ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° Π΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ°, ΠΌΡΡΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΡΡ, Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΡΡ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ, Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Ρ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π΅. Π‘Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ.
ΠΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π²Π½ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ.
Β Β Β β
ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²
ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΈΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ β ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ:
- ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ;
- Π‘Π΄Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΡΡΡ;
- ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅;
- ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ°;
- ΠΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²;
- Π Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ·.
Π Π°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·, ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌ, Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ β ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΊ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π· ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎ Π² ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ±Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΌΡ, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
Β Β Β β
Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ
ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΊ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ Π Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΠ°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π±Π»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ.
Π§ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ:
- ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ·Π°;
- ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΆΠΈ;
- ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²;
- Π£ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ;
- ΠΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΡΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ½ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π½Π° ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
:
- ΠΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²;
- ΠΠ±Π΅Π·Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²;
- ΠΠ°Π·Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ², ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ;
- ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°, ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ;
- ΠΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ².
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Π· ΠΎΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π£ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°, Π±Π΅Π·ΡΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π².
ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ·Π΅, Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ, Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ½Π½Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ.
Π£ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ Ρ Π±ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ
ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΊ. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ.
ΠΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΠΈ
ΠΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ°, ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (Π½Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ.). Π Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π±Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ°, ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΆ, ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠ°, Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π° ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° Π Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ (ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ), Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΅Π·Π΄ Π² Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ.
ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΡΡΡ (Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ.ΠΏ.) ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Ρ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π³ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΊ, Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΠΈ
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ· (ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, ΠΌΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»), ΡΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡ, ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ.
ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° (Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°) Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ.
ΠΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ½ΡΡΡ Π³ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ:
- Π²ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΈ (ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ 50 ΡΠ°Π·)
- ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π²Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΈ
- Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΈΡ Π² Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ Π³ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠΊΠ΅:
- Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
- Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
- ΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΊΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠ·, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ° Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΠΈ
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ° Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡ Ρ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³Π°. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·, Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ.).
Π Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΆ, ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ, Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π±Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Ρ.ΠΏ.). ΠΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.
Π Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ½Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅.
Π‘ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎ.ΠΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ:
- ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ°Ρ
(Π΄Π²Π°, ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ° Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠΈ) ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠΈ;
- ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Β«ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΒ»;
- Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²;
- ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Β«ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΊΒ» ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠΆΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡ.
ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡ
90000 Numbness of the fingers of the left hand | Why do the fingers of my left hand go numb and what to do? | Competently about health on iLive 90001 90002 Symptoms of numbness in the fingers of the left hand 90003
90004 Clinical manifestations of numbness of the fingers usually peak at night and morning. The main symptoms are: 90005
90006 90007 reduced sensitivity of some or all fingers; 90008
90007 tingling sensation in the fingers; 90008
90007 transient muscle weakness in the fingers; 90008
90007 burning sensation, «crawling goosebumps» on the skin.90008
90015 90004 Numbness can occur both at the fingertips and on the hand as a whole. If you have felt a slight numbness only a few times for a long time, you should not worry too much, because during sleep we can unconsciously accept physiological postures that are not quite comfortable for the normal course of the physiological processes. In this situation, you should simply relax your hand, putting it flat, and ensuring her maximum blood supply. 90005
90004 However, if numbness of the fingers of your left hand happens to you regularly — this is a very serious reason to consult a doctor for consultation.90005
90004 It is impossible to ignore the constant violation of the sensitivity of the fingers, since it can later lead to dystrophy phenomena, tissue trophic disorders and even gangrenous damage to the limb. 90005
90002 Numbness of the left little finger 90003
90004 The numbness of the left little finger is often associated with the long-term constant tension of the carpal muscles and the muscular system of the entire upper spine. In such cases, as a rule, asymmetry and rotation of the cervical spine are observed, which provokes the infringement of nerve endings.The same pathology can be observed with the lumbar vertebrae. 90005
90004 Also, numbness of the left little finger can be a sign of a pathological process with bulging of the intervertebral disc into the spinal canal without disturbing the integrity of the fibrous ring. This condition is a specific stage of osteochondrosis, which subsequently develops into an intervertebral hernia. 90005
90004 Much often, numbness of the left little finger becomes a sign of serious cardiac problems (chronic heart failure or acute coronary syndrome).90005
90004 To identify the cause of the reduced sensitivity of the little finger, it is necessary to undergo appropriate examinations (electrocardiography, X-ray or magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine). 90005
90004 90033 [8] 90005
90002 Numbness of the ring finger of the left hand 90003
90004 Numbness of the ring finger of the left hand often occurs due to compression of the nerve endings in the elbow joint. The articular nerves (median, ulnar and wrist) may be pinched or injured.The ulnar and radiocarpal nerves are directly related to the ring finger of the left hand, which provoke a decrease in sensitivity due to various degenerative-dystrophic changes. 90005
90004 For effective therapeutic actions, it is necessary to trace the root cause of the compression of the nerve fiber, the depth of the process and the exact localization of the nerve damage. 90005
90004 In the absence of a history of traumatic effects on the hand and elbow, usually the main cause is the infringement of the ulnar nerve, the innervation of which can be broken in almost any part, ranging from the spinal column to the fingertips.90005
90004 Signs of decreased sensitivity of the ring finger on the left hand, accompanied by numbness in the little finger, often indicate problems with cardiac activity. 90005
90004 To fully diagnose and assign individual therapeutic effects should be a specialist neurologist. 90005
90004 90033 [9] 90005
90002 Numbness of the thumb of the left hand 90003
90004 At the moment there are several factors that provoke numbness of the thumb of the left hand, among them cervical or thoracic osteochondrosis and cardiovascular diseases can be noted.90005
90004 The most common cause is a metabolic disorder in the intervertebral cartilage of the cervical or thoracic dislocation. Violation of the sensitivity of the thumb may be accompanied by weakness of the hand, decreased muscle strength, and sometimes soreness of the outer side of the shoulder and forearm. 90005
90004 Atherosclerosis, which is characterized by a deterioration in the elasticity of the vascular wall and a narrowing of the lumen, often causes circulatory insufficiency in the tissues, which is also manifested by numbness of the finger.90005
90004 The reduced sensitivity of the tip of the thumb can also be due to banal vitamin deficiency: this condition is often observed in the winter-spring period and is successfully stopped by taking complex vitamin and mineral preparations and a variety of vegetables and fruits in the diet. 90005
90004 90033 [10] 90005
90002 Numbness of the index finger of the left hand 90003
90004 Numbness of the index finger of the left hand may indicate some endocrine disorders (for example, diabetes, or other diseases that lead to metabolic disorders), inflammatory processes in the joints, possible injuries and tissue damage.90005
90004 Pathological processes in the nerve brachial plexus lead not only to numbness, but also to impaired flexion-extensor function of the hand and finger. 90005
90004 Degenerative changes in the cervical vertebrae (especially the sixth vertebra), cervical muscles and intervertebral discs often cause significant impairment of the sensitivity of the index and thumb of the left hand. This symptom can be observed against the background of muscle weakness in the hand and unpleasant sensations in the forearm area.90005
90004 The numbness of the index finger is often felt by those patients who, by virtue of their professional activities, are forced to endure long loads on the upper spine and specifically on the fingers. In such situations, physical therapy and periodic breaks during the working day will help. 90005
90002 Numbness of the middle finger of the left hand 90003
90004 Numbness of the middle finger of the left hand in combination with soreness, paleness of the skin may indicate a sharp spasm of the finger vascular network (the so-called Raynaud’s disease).This condition develops with prolonged exposure to low temperatures, or as a result of injury. 90005
90004 However, the most common signs of a decrease in the sensitivity of the middle finger are associated with osteochondrosis, may indicate the development of intervertebral hernia, nerve endings, structural damage and trophism of tissues during inflammation and deformity of the joints. Osteochondrosis of the seventh cervical vertebra, which is responsible for the condition of the forearm and innervation of the middle finger, should be especially noted.90005
90004 Each of the intervertebral discs plays the role of a kind of shock absorber. Osteochondrosis causes damage to these discs, they change their structure and flatten, squeezing nearby tissues and injuring nerve endings, so the clinical manifestations of cervical chondrosis depend on the location of the damaged nerve branch and localization of the innervated area. 90005
90004 90033 [11] 90005
90002 Numbness of the fingers of the left hand at night 90003
90004 Quite often, patients complain of numbness of the fingers of his left hand at night.At the heart of this problem there are no age restrictions, it can alarm both elderly people and twenty-year-olds. Usually, this condition is associated with the incorrect posture of a sleeping person and ignore the problem. 90005
90004 Of course, a comfortable sleeping position is extremely important, but other, more serious processes can also be the cause of numbness. 90005
90004 If you are working at the keyboard day by day, straining your hands and fingers, the decrease in sensitivity can be observed just because of the constant tension of the muscles and tendons of the wrist, which in turn leads to squeezing of nerve endings.90005
90004 Numbness can also manifest various kinds of anemia, diabetes mellitus, vitamin deficiency. Such reasons are usually stopped by physical therapy, physiotherapy, and taking vitamin complexes. 90005
90004 It is no secret that the scourge of our time is osteochondrosis of the spine, which may not manifest itself as pains in the back and neck, but causes persistent numbness of the fingers, especially during the nighttime, when the blood circulation processes slow down significantly. 90005
90004 If, in addition to night paresthesias, you are worried about the constant feeling of coldness in the limbs, even in the warm season, then you may suspect a violation of the blood supply to the hands.This condition is called Raynaud’s disease. 90005
90004 In principle, all the factors contributing to the numbness of the fingers at night, can be easily treated, for this only need to accurately determine the cause of this condition. 90005
90004 90033 [12] 90005.90000 Waking Up with Numb Hands: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatments 90001 90002 Waking up with numb hands is not uncommon. Many people have had the sensation of their hand being asleep at one time or another. 90003 90002 Sleeping in a position that puts pressure on your arm or hand is a common cause of numbness and a pins and needles sensation that soon resolves after waking and repositioning, but it is not the only possibility. 90003 90002 Numb hands can be a sign of an underlying medical condition, so it’s important to be aware of other symptoms.90003 90002 Learn more about what causes this and what you can do about it. 90003 90002 The following are possible causes of waking up with numb hands. 90003 90012 Carpal tunnel syndrome 90013 90002 Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression on the median nerve in the carpal tunnel, which is a narrow passageway on the front of your wrist. Tingling and numbness are the most common symptoms. Weakness in grip strength may also occur. 90003 90002 Repetitive hand motions, like typing on a keyboard or using machinery, may trigger it, as can obesity or wrist trauma.90003 90012 Cervical (neck) spondylosis 90013 90002 Cervical spondylosis is commonly caused by everyday wear and tear to the spinal disks in your neck with age. 90003 90002 This can cause signs of osteoarthritis, such as bone spurs, and bulging disks. Both can narrow the space in your cervical spine and place pressure on a nerve root or spinal cord, causing numbness and tingling in your arms and hands. 90003 90002 Cervical spondylosis can also cause numbness in the legs and feet, as well as neck pain and stiffness.90003 90012 Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) 90013 90002 TOS is a group of disorders that develop when nerves or blood vessels in the lower neck and upper chest area are irritated, injured, or compressed. 90003 90002 Numbness in the forearm, hand, and fingers are common symptoms of nerve compression, which can also cause pain in parts of your neck, shoulder, arm, or hand. 90003 90012 Peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage) 90013 90002 Peripheral neuropathy refers to several conditions that involve damage to your peripheral nervous system, which receives and sends signals between your central nervous system and the rest of your body.90003 90002 There are more than 100 types of peripheral neuropathy and symptoms depend on the nerves affected. Symptoms can include: 90003 90038 90039 tingling and numbness 90040 90039 sharp, stabbing pains 90040 90039 buzzing sensation 90040 90045 90012 Diabetes mellitus 90013 90002 Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that causes high blood sugar. It happens when your body either does not respond toinsulin effectively or does not make enough. 90003 90002 Approximately half of all people with diabetes have some form of nerve damage, including peripheral neuropathy and carpal tunnel syndrome, which can cause pain, numbness, and weakness in your hands.90003 90012 Sleeping posture 90013 90002 Pressure on your hands from your sleeping posture is a likely cause of waking up with numb hands. It can happen when you sleep on your arm or hand or in a position that puts pressure on a nerve. The temporary lack of blood flow can cause numbness or pins and needles. 90003 90002 Changing your position is typically enough to relieve your symptoms. 90003 90012 Chemotherapy and other medications 90013 90002 Chemotherapy and other medications can damage the peripheral nerves.Studies show that chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy affects between 30 to 68 percent of people undergoing treatment. 90003 90002 Other medications known to cause peripheral neuropathy include anticonvulsants, certain heart and blood pressure-reducing medications, and some antibiotics, including metronidazole (Flagyl) and Fluoroquinolones (Cipro, Levaquin). 90003 90012 Vitamin B-12 deficiency 90013 90002 Vitamin B-12 is essential to the functioning of your brain and central nervous system and your DNA synthesis.It’s also needed to make red blood cells. 90003 90002 Vitamin B-12 deficiency can be caused by a number of factors, such as age, family history, and certain medical conditions, such as gastritis and autoimmune diseases. 90003 90002 Vitamin B-12 deficiency symptoms may include numbness and tingling in the feet, muscle weakness, and decreased appetite. 90003 90012 Alcohol abuse 90013 90002 Alcohol can damage nerve tissue when excessive amounts of alcohol are taken in. This is called alcoholic neuropathy.90003 90002 People who drink too much may feel pain and tingling in their limbs. It is not uncommon to have deficient levels of certain vitamins and nutrients that the body needs for proper nerve function in the midst of alcoholism, as heavy alcohol use often coincides with a poor diet. 90003 90002 You may also notice: 90003 90012 Ganglion cyst 90013 90002 Ganglion cysts are noncancerous lumps that grow along the joints or tendons in the wrists or hands. If a cyst presses on a nerve, it can cause numbness in the hands.A cyst may also be painful when pressed or may interfere with joint movement. 90003 90002 Most ganglion cysts go away without treatment. 90003 90012 Other diseases 90013 90002 A number of other diseases can cause numbness in the hands. Some of these include: 90003 90002 If you’re also experiencing numbness in other parts of your body, here’s a look at what could be causing it. 90003 90012 Waking up with numb hands and arms 90013 90002 Carpal tunnel syndrome and your sleeping position can cause you to wake up with numbness in one or both hands and arms.90003 90002 Other causes of numb hands and arms are cervical spondylosis, peripheral neuropathy, and TOS. Alcohol abuse can also cause it. 90003 90012 Waking up with numb hands and feet 90013 90002 Peripheral neuropathy caused by a medical condition, such as diabetes, or certain drugs, including chemotherapy, can cause numbness in your hands and feet. Alcohol abuse and vitamin B-12 deficiency can also cause it. 90003 90012 Waking up with numb hands and fingers 90013 90002 Carpal tunnel syndrome often affects the hands and all the fingers except for the pinkie finger.Cervical spondylosis, TOS, peripheral neuropathy, and sleeping posture can also cause numbness in your hands and fingers. 90003 90012 Waking up with one numb hand 90013 90002 If only one hand is numb, carpal tunnel syndrome and pressure on your hand during sleep are the most likely culprits. Peripheral nerve damage and ganglion cysts are other possibilities. 90003 90002 A doctor will first ask you about your symptoms and any medications you’re taking. They’ll then perform a physical exam. They’ll likely order imaging or other tests, such as: 90003 90002 A doctor may also refer you to a neurologist.They can perform a neurological exam to check for weakness. 90003 90002 Treatment for hand numbness depends on the cause. You may not need any treatment if your numbness is occasional and improves once you change sleeping positions. 90003 90002 Treatment may include a combination of medical treatments and home remedies. 90003 90012 Exercise 90013 90002 Exercises for carpal tunnel syndrome can help improve your symptoms and increase your strength if you also have muscle weakness. 90003 90002 Stretching, strengthening, and posture exercises can also help with symptoms of cervical spondylosis.90003 90012 Over-the-counter pain medications 90013 90002 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen or aspirin, can help with mild pain and inflammation affecting your hands, neck, and other areas. 90003 90012 Splints or wrist guards 90013 90002 Wearing a wrist guard or splint keeps your wrists straight to relieve pressure on your median nerve. You can wear them when performing repetitive tasks or in the evenings to help prevent symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. 90003 90012 Topical treatments 90013 90002 Lidocaine patches and capsaicin cream applied to the skin may provide relief of mild pain and peripheral neuropathy.Topical menthol, such as Biofreeze, can also help relieve carpal tunnel pain, according to a 2014 study. 90003 90012 Vitamin B-12 90013 90002 A vitamin B-12 deficiency can be treated with oral vitamin B-12 supplements. If the deficiency is severe or if you can not absorb vitamin B-12 from your diet, you may need vitamin B-12 injections. 90003 90002 Eating foods high in vitamin B-12, such as salmon, eggs, and liver may also help. 90003 90012 Antidepressants 90013 90002 Some types of antidepressants treat neuropathic pain by interfering with the processes responsible for sending pain signals.They can be helpful in treating nerve pain caused by diabetes and other conditions. 90003 90012 Antiseizure medications 90013 90002 Drugs developed to treat epilepsy may relieve nerve pain. These include gabapentin (Gralise, Neurontin) and pregabalin (Lyrica). 90003 90012 Surgery 90013 90002 Surgery may be an option for certain conditions if nonsurgical treatments do not work. This can include surgery to release compressed nerves or blood vessels caused by carpal tunnel, bulging disks, TOS, or ganglion cysts.90003 90002 See a doctor if you continue to experience numbness or your numbness does not improve when you change positions. Also see a doctor if you’re experiencing numbness in other areas or have other concerning symptoms. 90003 90002 Call 911 for numbness that begins suddenly, especially when accompanied by weakness or paralysis, difficulty speaking, or a sudden severe headache as these are potential signs of a medical emergency like a stroke. 90003 90002 Waking up with numb hands is likely nothing to be alarmed about if it happens occasionally and improves once your hands wake up.90003 90002 If the numbness persists or you experience other symptoms, see your doctor. They can check for nerve damage and other underlying causes of numbness. 90003.90000 Numbness in Hands: 23 Possible Causes 90001 90002 Numbness in your hands is not always cause for concern. It could be a sign of carpal tunnel or a medication side effect. 90003 90002 When a medical condition causes numbness in your hands, you’ll usually have other symptoms along with it. Here’s what to watch for and when to see your doctor. 90003 90002 Numbness in your hands usually is not a sign of an emergency that requires a trip to the hospital. 90003 90002 Although it’s unlikely, it’s possible that hand numbness could be a sign of a stroke.Seek immediate medical attention if you’re also experiencing any of the following: 90003 90010 90011 sudden weakness or numbness in your arm or leg, especially if it’s only on one side of your body 90012 90011 trouble speaking or understanding others 90012 90011 confusion 90012 90011 drooping of your face 90012 90011 sudden trouble seeing out of one or both eyes 90012 90011 sudden dizziness or loss of balance 90012 90011 sudden severe headache 90012 90025 90002 If you have these symptoms, call 911 or your local emergency services or have someone drive you to the emergency room right away.Prompt treatment may reduce your risk for long-term damage. It may even save your life. 90003 90002 You need vitamin B-12 to keep your nerves healthy. Deficiency can cause numbness or tingling in both your hands and feet. 90003 90002 Potassium and magnesium deficiency may also cause numbness. 90003 90002 Other symptoms of a vitamin B-12 deficiency include: 90003 90010 90011 weakness 90012 90011 fatigue 90012 90011 yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice) 90012 90011 trouble walking and balancing 90012 90011 difficulty thinking straight 90012 90011 hallucinations 90012 90025 90002 Nerve damage (neuropathy) can be a side effect of drugs that treat everything from cancer to seizures.It can affect both your hands and feet. 90003 90002 Some of the drugs that can cause numbness include: 90003 90010 90011 90054 Antibiotics. 90055 These include metronidazole (Flagyl), nitrofurantoin (Macrobid), and fluoroquinolones (Cipro). 90012 90011 90054 Anticancer drugs. 90055 These include cisplatin and vincristine. 90012 90011 90054 Antiseizure drugs 90055. An example is phenytoin (Dilantin). 90012 90011 90054 Heart or blood pressure drugs. 90055 These include amiodarone (Nexterone) and hydralazine (Apresoline).90012 90025 90002 Other symptoms of drug-induced nerve damage include: 90003 90010 90011 tingling 90012 90011 abnormal feelings in your hands 90012 90011 weakness 90012 90025 90002 Discs are the soft cushions that separate the bones (vertebrae) of your spine. A tear in a disc lets the soft material in the middle squeeze out. This rupture is called a herniated, or slipped, disc. 90003 90002 The damaged disc can put pressure on and irritate nerves of your spine. In addition to numbness, a slipped disc can cause weakness or pain in your arm or leg.90003 90002 Raynaud’s disease, or Raynaud’s phenomenon, occurs when your blood vessels narrow, preventing enough blood from reaching your hands and feet. The lack of blood flow makes your fingers and toes turn numb, cold, pale, and very painful. 90003 90002 These symptoms typically appear when you’re exposed to cold, or when you feel stressed. 90003 90002 The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway that runs through the center of your wrist. In the center of this tunnel is the median nerve. This nerve supplies feeling to your fingers, including the thumb, index, middle, and part of the ring finger.90003 90002 Repetitive activities like typing or working on an assembly line can cause the tissues around the median nerve to swell up and put pressure on this nerve. The pressure can cause numbness along with tingling, pain, and weakness in the affected hand. 90003 90002 The ulnar nerve is a nerve that runs from the neck to the hand on the pinkie side. The nerve can become compressed or overstretched at the inner aspect of the elbow. Doctors refer to this condition as cubital tunnel syndrome.This is the same nerve area you may hit when you hit your «funny bone.» 90093 90003 90002 Cubital tunnel syndrome can cause symptoms such as hand numbness and tingling, especially in the ring and pinkie fingers. A person may also experience forearm pain and weakness in the hand, especially when they bend their elbow. 90093 90003 90002 Cervical spondylosis is a type of arthritis that affects discs in your neck. It’s caused by years of wear and tear on the spinal bones. The damaged vertebrae can press on nearby nerves, causing numbness in the hands, arms, and fingers.90003 90002 Most people with cervical spondylosis do not have any symptoms. Others may feel pain and stiffness in their neck. 90003 90002 This condition may also cause: 90003 90010 90011 weakness in the arms, hands, legs, or feet 90012 90011 headaches 90012 90011 a popping noise when you move your neck 90012 90011 loss of balance and coordination 90012 90011 muscle spasms in the neck or shoulders 90012 90011 loss of control over your bowels or bladder 90012 90025 90002 Lateral epicondylitis is called «tennis elbow» because it’s caused by a repetitive motion, like swinging a tennis racket.The repeated motion damages muscles and tendons in the forearm, causing pain and burning on the outside of your elbow. This is very unlikely to cause any numbness in the hands. 90003 90002 Medial epicondylitis is a similar condition nicknamed «golfer’s elbow.» It causes pain on the inside of your elbow as well as possible weakness, numbness, or tingling in your hands, especially in the pinkie and ring fingers. It may cause numbness if there is significant swelling about this area causing dysfunction in the ulnar nerve, but this is very rare.90003 90002 Ganglion cysts are fluid-filled growths. They form on tendons or joints in your wrists or hands. They can grow to an inch or more across. 90003 90002 If these cysts press on a nearby nerve, they can cause numbness, pain, or weakness in your hand. 90003 90002 In people living with diabetes, the body has trouble moving sugar from the bloodstream into cells. Having high blood sugar for a long period of time can lead to nerve damage called diabetic neuropathy. 90003 90002 Peripheral neuropathy is the type of nerve damage that causes numbness in your arms, hands, legs, and feet.90003 90002 Other symptoms of neuropathy include: 90003 90010 90011 burning 90012 90011 pins-and-needles feeling 90012 90011 weakness 90012 90011 pain 90012 90011 loss of balance 90012 90025 90002 The thyroid gland in your neck produces hormones that help regulate your body’s metabolism. An underactive thyroid, or hypothyroidism, happens when your thyroid produces too little of its hormones. 90003 90002 Untreated hypothyroidism can eventually damage nerves that send feeling to your arms and legs.This is called peripheral neuropathy. It can cause numbness, weakness, and tingling in your hands and feet. 90003 90002 Alcohol is safe to drink in small amounts, but too much of it can damage tissues around the body, including the nerves. People who misuse alcohol sometimes develop numbness and tingling in their hands and feet. 90003 90002 Other symptoms of alcohol-related neuropathy include: 90003 90010 90011 a pins-and-needles feeling 90012 90011 muscle weakness 90012 90011 muscle cramps or spasms 90012 90011 trouble controlling urination 90012 90011 erectile dysfunction 90012 90025 90002 Myofascial pain syndrome develops trigger points, which are very sensitive and painful areas on the muscles.The pain sometimes spreads to other parts of the body. 90003 90002 In addition to muscle pain, myofascial pain syndrome causes tingling, weakness, and stiffness. 90003 90002 Fibromyalgia is a condition that causes fatigue and muscle pain. It’s sometimes confused with chronic fatigue syndrome because the symptoms are so similar. The fatigue with fibromyalgia can be intense. The pain is centered in various tender points around the body. 90003 90002 People with fibromyalgia may also have numbness and tingling in their hands, arms, feet, legs, and face.90003 90002 Other symptoms include: 90003 90010 90011 depression 90012 90011 trouble concentrating 90012 90011 sleep problems 90012 90011 headaches 90012 90011 belly pain 90012 90011 constipation 90012 90011 diarrhea 90012 90025 90002 Deer ticks infected with bacteria can transmit Lyme disease to humans through a bite. People who contract the bacteria that cause Lyme disease first develop a rash shaped like a bull’s-eye and flu-like symptoms, such as fever and chills. 90003 90002 Later symptoms of this disease include: 90003 90010 90011 numbness in the arms or legs 90012 90011 joint pain and swelling 90012 90011 temporary paralysis on one side of the face 90012 90011 fever, stiff neck, and severe headache 90012 90011 weakness 90012 90011 trouble moving muscles 90012 90025 90002 Lupus is an autoimmune disease.This means your body attacks your own organs and tissues. It causes inflammation in many organs and tissues, including the: 90003 90002 Symptoms of lupus come and go. Which symptoms you have depend on which parts of your body are affected. 90003 90002 Pressure from inflammation can damage nerves and lead to numbness or tingling in your hands. Other common symptoms include: 90003 90010 90011 a butterfly-shaped rash on the face 90012 90011 fatigue 90012 90011 joint pain, stiffness, and swelling 90012 90011 sun sensitivity 90012 90011 fingers and toes that turn cold and blue (Raynaud’s phenomenon) 90012 90011 shortness of breath 90012 90011 headaches 90012 90011 confusion 90012 90011 trouble concentrating 90012 90011 vision problems 90012 90025 90002 Although it’s unlikely, hand numbness could be a sign of one of the following conditions.See your doctor right away if you’re experiencing any associated symptoms. 90003 90238 18. Stage 4 HIV 90239 90002 HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system. Without proper treatment, it can eventually destroy so many immune cells that your body can no longer protect itself against infections. Stage 4 of this virus is called AIDS. 90003 90002 HIV and AIDS damage nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. This nerve damage can cause people to lose feeling in their arms and legs. 90003 90002 Other symptoms stage 4 HIV include: 90003 90010 90011 confusion 90012 90011 weakness 90012 90011 headaches 90012 90011 forgetfulness 90012 90011 trouble swallowing 90012 90011 loss of coordination 90012 90011 vision loss 90012 90011 difficulty walking 90012 90025 90002 HIV is a lifelong condition that currently doesn ‘t have a cure.However, with antiretroviral therapy and medical care, HIV can be well-controlled and life expectancy can be nearly the same as someone who has not contracted HIV. 90003 90238 19. Amyloidosis 90239 90002 Amyloidosis is a rare disease that starts when an abnormal protein called amyloid builds up in your organs. Which symptoms you have depend on the organs that are affected. 90003 90002 When this disease affects the nervous system, it can cause numbness or tingling in your hands or feet. 90003 90002 Other symptoms include: 90003 90010 90011 pain and swelling in the belly 90012 90011 shortness of breath 90012 90011 chest pain 90012 90011 diarrhea 90012 90011 constipation 90012 90011 swollen tongue 90012 90011 swelling of the thyroid gland in the neck 90012 90011 tiredness 90012 90011 unexplained weight loss 90012 90025 90238 20.Multiple sclerosis (MS) 90239 90002 MS is an autoimmune disease. In people with MS, the immune system attacks the protective coating around nerve fibers. Over time, the nerves become damaged. 90003 90002 Symptoms depend on which nerves are affected. Numbness and tingling are among the most common MS symptoms. The arms, face, or legs can lose feeling. The numbness is usually only on one side of the body. 90003 90002 Other symptoms include: 90003 90010 90011 vision loss 90012 90011 double vision 90012 90011 tingling 90012 90011 weakness 90012 90011 electric-shock sensations 90012 90011 trouble with coordination or walking 90012 90011 slurred speech 90012 90011 tiredness 90012 90011 loss of control over your bladder or bowels 90012 90025 90238 21.Thoracic outlet syndrome 90239 90002 This group of conditions develops from pressure on blood vessels or nerves in your neck and the top part of your chest. An injury or repetitive movements can cause this nerve compression. 90003 90002 Pressure on nerves in this region leads to numbness and tingling in the fingers and pain in the shoulders and neck. 90003 90002 Other symptoms include: 90003 90010 90011 a weak hand grip 90012 90011 arm swelling 90012 90011 blue or pale color in your hand and fingers 90012 90011 cold fingers, hands, or arms 90012 90025 90238 22.Vasculitis 90239 90002 Vasculitis is a group of rare diseases that make the blood vessels swell up and become inflamed. This inflammation slows blood flow to your organs and tissues. It can lead to nerve problems like numbness and weakness. 90003 90002 Other symptoms include: 90003 90010 90011 headache 90012 90011 fatigue 90012 90011 weight loss 90012 90011 fever 90012 90011 red-spotted rash 90012 90011 body aches 90012 90011 shortness of breath 90012 90025 90238 23. Guillain-BarrΓ© syndrome 90239 90002 Guillain-BarrΓ© syndrome is a rare condition in which the immune system attacks and damages the nerves.It often starts after a viral or bacterial illness. 90003 90002 The nerve damage causes numbness, weakness, and tingling that starts in the legs. It spreads to the arms, hands, and face. 90003 90002 Other symptoms include: 90003 90010 90011 trouble talking, chewing, or swallowing 90012 90011 trouble controlling your bladder or bowels 90012 90011 difficulty breathing 90012 90011 fast heartbeat 90012 90011 unsteady movements and walking 90012 90025 90002 If the numbness does not go away within a few days or spreads to other parts of your body, see your doctor.Also see your doctor if the numbness started after an injury or illness. 90003 90002 Seek immediate medical attention if you develop any of these symptoms alongside numbness in your hands: 90003 90010 90011 weakness 90012 90011 difficulty moving one or more parts of your body 90012 90011 confusion 90012 90011 trouble talking 90012 90011 vision loss 90012 90011 dizziness 90012 90011 sudden, severe headache 90012 90025.90000 Numbness in Thumb: Causes and Treatment 90001 90002 It can be alarming to lose feeling in any part of your body. But losing feeling in one or both of your thumbs might seem especially odd. Thumbs help us hold cups, open bottles, and type on our smartphones. Numb thumbs can make these and many other tasks much more difficult to do. 90003 90002 In your thumbs and other areas, numbness is usually accompanied by other sensations. These can include prickling pins and needles, burning, or tingling.It might be difficult to bend or move your thumb when it feels numb. 90003 90002 There are many possible causes for numbness in your thumbs. Some are more serious than others. It’s important to take a look at your overall health to help determine what might be causing numbness. Some of the more common causes of thumb numbness include: 90003 90008 Anxiety, fatigue, and stress 90009 90002 Those with anxiety, fatigue, and stress often experience numbness in various parts of the body, including fingers and hands.90003 90002 Chest pain, dizziness, nausea, sweating, tingling, and racing heart rate often accompany the numbness. These symptoms are also often present during a panic attack. 90003 90008 Carpal tunnel syndrome 90009 90002 Carpal tunnel syndrome is one of the most common causes of thumb numbness. It’s caused by the compression of a nerve that runs through your wrist bones. 90003 90002 Arthritis, bone spurs, and overuse of the wrist can all cause this compression. Other symptoms include tingling, weakness, and a tendency to drop objects because of thumb weakness.90003 90008 Cervical radiculopathy 90009 90002 Cervical radiculopathy can occur when a nerve in your neck is compressed, irritated, or pinched where it comes off of the spinal cord as a result of aging or injury. This often causes pain in the neck that moves into the shoulder, causing muscle weakness and numbness from the arm into the hand. 90003 90008 Diabetes 90009 90002 High blood sugar levels caused by diabetes that is not managed properly can damage nerves throughout the body. Most often, it causes pain and numbness in the legs and feet.But those in the fingers and hands may also be affected. Problems with the digestive system, urinary tract, blood vessels, and heart often accompany pain and numbness. 90003 90008 Fibromyalgia 90009 90002 Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition causing muscle pain and fatigue throughout the body with no clear cause. Numbness and tingling in the fingers, hands, feet, legs, and face are common. Additionally, those with fibromyalgia may also experience frequent headaches, digestive problems, and mood disorders.90003 90008 Hypothyroidism 90009 90002 Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough of the hormones the body needs to regulate its metabolism and other body processes. In its early stages it often causes no symptoms. 90003 90002 When left untreated, it may cause nerve damage and pain and numbness in the fingers and other parts of the body. It may also cause: 90003 90008 Lupus 90009 90002 Lupus is an autoimmune condition that can affect all parts of the body, including the: 90003 90042 90043 blood 90044 90043 brain 90044 90043 joint 90044 90043 heart 90044 90043 kidneys 90044 90043 joints 90044 90043 lungs 90044 90043 nerves 90044 90059 90002 One major symptom of nerve problems caused by lupus is numbness in the fingers and hands, as well as other parts of the body.90003 90008 Pernicious anemia 90009 90002 Pernicious anemia occurs when you do not have the right proteins to absorb vitamin B-12 from food. Your body can not make enough red blood cells to stay healthy. 90003 90002 Without treatment, this condition can cause organ damage, bone weakness, and increases risk of cancer. This condition may also cause neurological problems and nerve damage, causing numbness in the fingers, hands, and other body parts. 90003 90008 Peripheral neuropathy 90009 90002 Peripheral neuropathy can cause numbness, pain, and weakness in the fingers, hands, feet, and toes.Sometimes it affects other parts of the body. This condition often follows damage to the peripheral nerves from: 90003 90042 90043 diabetes 90044 90043 infections 90044 90043 certain medications, such as those used in chemotherapy 90044 90043 metabolic problems 90044 90043 injuries 90044 90043 alcohol addiction 90044 90059 90008 Raynaud’s phenomenon 90009 90002 Raynaud’s phenomenon, also called Raynaud’s disease, can cause parts of the body to feel numb and cold when exposed to cold temperatures or when you’re under stress.The smaller arteries that supply blood to your skin will narrow. 90003 90002 Most often, this condition causes numbness in the fingers and toes, often causing a stinging or prickling feeling upon warming. Your skin may change color as a response to cold or stress. 90003 90008 Rheumatoid arthritis 90009 90002 Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which your body attacks its own tissues, including the: 90003 90042 90043 blood vessels 90044 90043 eyes 90044 90043 heart 90044 90043 joints 90044 90043 lungs 90044 90043 skin 90044 90059 90002 When left untreated , rheumatoid arthritis may cause bone spurs in the wrists that cause carpal tunnel syndrome and accompanying numbness, pain, and weakness in the thumbs.Other symptoms may include: 90003 90042 90043 swollen and warm joints 90044 90043 joint stiffness 90044 90043 fatigue 90044 90043 fever 90044 90043 weight loss 90044 90059 90008 Ulnar nerve entrapment 90009 90002 Ulnar nerve entrapment and other compression syndromes can occur when one of the three major nerves traveling from your neck down to your hand becomes constricted under the collarbone, elbow, or wrist. Numbness and tingling in the fingers and hands and a weakened grip are all symptoms of this condition.90003.